


The same progress in CMOS technology that enables these VLSI digital systems creates new challenges for analog-to-digital converters: lower signal swings, less power and variability issues. And processors need the ultimate performance of digital-to-analog converters to present the results of their complex algorithms. Modern systems rely on analog-to-digital converters as an essential part of the complex chain to access the physical world. In a converter also system challenges meet technology opportunities. Both disciplines must be understood for an optimum conversion solution.

In a converter the analog world with all its intricacies meets the realm of the formal digital abstraction. The design of an analog-to-digital converter or digital-to-analog converter is one of the most fascinating tasks in micro-electronics.
